diff --git a/demo/markdownlint-browser.js b/demo/markdownlint-browser.js
index 6fc8f86e..57f93b50 100644
--- a/demo/markdownlint-browser.js
+++ b/demo/markdownlint-browser.js
@@ -6139,6 +6139,7 @@ var _require = __webpack_require__(/*! ../helpers */ "../helpers/helpers.js"),
   addError = _require.addError,
   addErrorDetailIf = _require.addErrorDetailIf;
 var _require2 = __webpack_require__(/*! ../helpers/micromark.cjs */ "../helpers/micromark.cjs"),
+  filterByPredicate = _require2.filterByPredicate,
   filterByTypes = _require2.filterByTypes,
   getHtmlTagInfo = _require2.getHtmlTagInfo;
 
@@ -6147,6 +6148,10 @@ var idRe = /[\t-\r \xA0\u1680\u2000-\u200A\u2028\u2029\u202F\u205F\u3000\uFEFF]i
 var nameRe = /[\t-\r \xA0\u1680\u2000-\u200A\u2028\u2029\u202F\u205F\u3000\uFEFF]name[\t-\r \xA0\u1680\u2000-\u200A\u2028\u2029\u202F\u205F\u3000\uFEFF]*=[\t-\r \xA0\u1680\u2000-\u200A\u2028\u2029\u202F\u205F\u3000\uFEFF]*["']?((?:(?![\t-\r "'>\xA0\u1680\u2000-\u200A\u2028\u2029\u202F\u205F\u3000\uD800-\uDFFF\uFEFF])[\s\S]|[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF])+)/i;
 var anchorRe = /\{(#[0-9a-z]+(?:[\x2D_][0-9a-z]+)*)\}/g;
 
+// Sets for filtering heading tokens during conversion
+var childrenExclude = new Set(["image", "reference", "resource"]);
+var tokensInclude = new Set(["codeTextData", "data"]);
+
 /**
  * Converts a Markdown heading into an HTML fragment according to the rules
  * used by GitHub.
@@ -6155,7 +6160,11 @@ var anchorRe = /\{(#[0-9a-z]+(?:[\x2D_][0-9a-z]+)*)\}/g;
  * @returns {string} Fragment string for heading.
  */
 function convertHeadingToHTMLFragment(headingText) {
-  var inlineText = filterByTypes(headingText.children, ["codeTextData", "data"]).map(function (token) {
+  var inlineText = filterByPredicate(headingText.children, function (token) {
+    return tokensInclude.has(token.type);
+  }, function (token) {
+    return childrenExclude.has(token.type) ? [] : token.children;
+  }).map(function (token) {
     return token.text;
   }).join("");
   return "#" + encodeURIComponent(inlineText.toLowerCase()
@@ -6181,18 +6190,20 @@ module.exports = {
       for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {
         var headingText = _step.value;
         var fragment = convertHeadingToHTMLFragment(headingText);
-        var count = fragments.get(fragment) || 0;
-        if (count) {
-          fragments.set("".concat(fragment, "-").concat(count), 0);
-        }
-        fragments.set(fragment, count + 1);
-        var match = null;
-        while ((match = anchorRe.exec(headingText.text)) !== null) {
-          var _match = match,
-            _match2 = _slicedToArray(_match, 2),
-            anchor = _match2[1];
-          if (!fragments.has(anchor)) {
-            fragments.set(anchor, 1);
+        if (fragment !== "#") {
+          var count = fragments.get(fragment) || 0;
+          if (count) {
+            fragments.set("".concat(fragment, "-").concat(count), 0);
+          }
+          fragments.set(fragment, count + 1);
+          var match = null;
+          while ((match = anchorRe.exec(headingText.text)) !== null) {
+            var _match = match,
+              _match2 = _slicedToArray(_match, 2),
+              anchor = _match2[1];
+            if (!fragments.has(anchor)) {
+              fragments.set(anchor, 1);
+            }
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/lib/md051.js b/lib/md051.js
index 0b501b96..30430208 100644
--- a/lib/md051.js
+++ b/lib/md051.js
@@ -3,13 +3,18 @@
 "use strict";
 
 const { addError, addErrorDetailIf } = require("../helpers");
-const { filterByTypes, getHtmlTagInfo } = require("../helpers/micromark.cjs");
+const { filterByPredicate, filterByTypes, getHtmlTagInfo } =
+  require("../helpers/micromark.cjs");
 
 // Regular expression for identifying HTML anchor names
 const idRe = /\sid\s*=\s*['"]?([^'"\s>]+)/iu;
 const nameRe = /\sname\s*=\s*['"]?([^'"\s>]+)/iu;
 const anchorRe = /\{(#[a-z\d]+(?:[-_][a-z\d]+)*)\}/gu;
 
+// Sets for filtering heading tokens during conversion
+const childrenExclude = new Set([ "image", "reference", "resource" ]);
+const tokensInclude = new Set([ "codeTextData", "data" ]);
+
 /**
  * Converts a Markdown heading into an HTML fragment according to the rules
  * used by GitHub.
@@ -19,7 +24,11 @@ const anchorRe = /\{(#[a-z\d]+(?:[-_][a-z\d]+)*)\}/gu;
  */
 function convertHeadingToHTMLFragment(headingText) {
   const inlineText =
-    filterByTypes(headingText.children, [ "codeTextData", "data" ])
+    filterByPredicate(
+      headingText.children,
+      (token) => tokensInclude.has(token.type),
+      (token) => (childrenExclude.has(token.type) ? [] : token.children)
+    )
       .map((token) => token.text)
       .join("");
   return "#" + encodeURIComponent(
@@ -52,16 +61,18 @@ module.exports = {
     );
     for (const headingText of headingTexts) {
       const fragment = convertHeadingToHTMLFragment(headingText);
-      const count = fragments.get(fragment) || 0;
-      if (count) {
-        fragments.set(`${fragment}-${count}`, 0);
-      }
-      fragments.set(fragment, count + 1);
-      let match = null;
-      while ((match = anchorRe.exec(headingText.text)) !== null) {
-        const [ , anchor ] = match;
-        if (!fragments.has(anchor)) {
-          fragments.set(anchor, 1);
+      if (fragment !== "#") {
+        const count = fragments.get(fragment) || 0;
+        if (count) {
+          fragments.set(`${fragment}-${count}`, 0);
+        }
+        fragments.set(fragment, count + 1);
+        let match = null;
+        while ((match = anchorRe.exec(headingText.text)) !== null) {
+          const [ , anchor ] = match;
+          if (!fragments.has(anchor)) {
+            fragments.set(anchor, 1);
+          }
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/test/link-fragments.md b/test/link-fragments.md
index 4e919c2a..1932a474 100644
--- a/test/link-fragments.md
+++ b/test/link-fragments.md
@@ -46,6 +46,16 @@
 
 [Valid](#en-t%C3%AAte-valide-dans-fran%C3%A7ais-pour-v%C3%A9rification)
 
+[Valid](#valid-heading-is-a-link)
+
+[Valid](#valid-heading-has-a-link)
+
+[Valid](#valid-heading-is-a-reference-link)
+
+[Valid](#valid-heading-has-a-reference-link)
+
+[Valid](#valid-heading-has-)
+
 [Valid](#namedlink)
 
 [Valid](#idlink)
@@ -127,6 +137,18 @@ Text
 
 ### En-tête Valide Dans Français Pour Vérification
 
+### [Valid Heading Is a Link](https://example.com)
+
+### Valid Heading [Has a Link](https://example.com)
+
+### [Valid Heading Is a Reference Link][goodref]
+
+### Valid Heading [Has a Reference Link][goodref]
+
+### ![Valid Heading Is an Image](https://example.com)
+
+### Valid Heading Has ![an Image](https://example.com)
+
 <a name="namedlink"></a>
 
 <a id = idlink></a>
@@ -147,6 +169,8 @@ Text
 
 ## Invalid Fragments
 
+[Invalid](#valid-heading-is-an-image) {MD051}
+
 [Invalid](#valid-heading-2004-) {MD051}
 
 [Invalid](#valid-repeated-heading-3) {MD051}
diff --git a/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.md b/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.md
index 9334323b..a85bfb2d 100644
--- a/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.md
+++ b/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.md
@@ -23961,6 +23961,22 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
 
     {
       errors: [
+        {
+          errorContext: '[Invalid](#valid-heading-is-an-image)',
+          errorDetail: null,
+          errorRange: [
+            1,
+            37,
+          ],
+          fixInfo: null,
+          lineNumber: 172,
+          ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
+          ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
+          ruleNames: [
+            'MD051',
+            'link-fragments',
+          ],
+        },
         {
           errorContext: '[Invalid](#valid-heading-2004-)',
           errorDetail: null,
@@ -23969,7 +23985,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             31,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 150,
+          lineNumber: 174,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -23985,7 +24001,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             36,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 152,
+          lineNumber: 176,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24001,7 +24017,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             28,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 154,
+          lineNumber: 178,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24017,7 +24033,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             18,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 156,
+          lineNumber: 180,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24037,7 +24053,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             editColumn: 11,
             insertText: '#HREFandID',
           },
-          lineNumber: 158,
+          lineNumber: 182,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24053,7 +24069,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             34,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 160,
+          lineNumber: 184,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24069,7 +24085,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             34,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 162,
+          lineNumber: 186,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24085,7 +24101,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             39,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 164,
+          lineNumber: 188,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24098,7 +24114,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
           errorDetail: null,
           errorRange: null,
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 166,
+          lineNumber: 190,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24114,7 +24130,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             28,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 171,
+          lineNumber: 195,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24134,7 +24150,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             editColumn: 9,
             insertText: '#valid-fragments',
           },
-          lineNumber: 175,
+          lineNumber: 199,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24154,7 +24170,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             editColumn: 12,
             insertText: '#namedlink',
           },
-          lineNumber: 177,
+          lineNumber: 201,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24167,7 +24183,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
           errorDetail: 'Expected: #namedlink; Actual: #NAMEDLINK',
           errorRange: null,
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 179,
+          lineNumber: 203,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24187,7 +24203,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             editColumn: 13,
             insertText: '#idlink',
           },
-          lineNumber: 184,
+          lineNumber: 208,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24203,7 +24219,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             26,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 219,
+          lineNumber: 243,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24219,7 +24235,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             26,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 221,
+          lineNumber: 245,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24235,7 +24251,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             20,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 223,
+          lineNumber: 247,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24251,7 +24267,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             23,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 225,
+          lineNumber: 249,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24267,7 +24283,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             22,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 227,
+          lineNumber: 251,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24283,7 +24299,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             42,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 229,
+          lineNumber: 253,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24299,7 +24315,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             21,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 231,
+          lineNumber: 255,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24315,7 +24331,7 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
             21,
           ],
           fixInfo: null,
-          lineNumber: 233,
+          lineNumber: 257,
           ruleDescription: 'Link fragments should be valid',
           ruleInformation: 'https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/blob/v0.0.0/doc/md051.md',
           ruleNames: [
@@ -24372,6 +24388,16 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
       ␊
       [Valid](#en-t%C3%AAte-valide-dans-fran%C3%A7ais-pour-v%C3%A9rification)␊
       ␊
+      [Valid](#valid-heading-is-a-link)␊
+      ␊
+      [Valid](#valid-heading-has-a-link)␊
+      ␊
+      [Valid](#valid-heading-is-a-reference-link)␊
+      ␊
+      [Valid](#valid-heading-has-a-reference-link)␊
+      ␊
+      [Valid](#valid-heading-has-)␊
+      ␊
       [Valid](#namedlink)␊
       ␊
       [Valid](#idlink)␊
@@ -24453,6 +24479,18 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
       ␊
       ### En-tête Valide Dans Français Pour Vérification␊
       ␊
+      ### [Valid Heading Is a Link](https://example.com)␊
+      ␊
+      ### Valid Heading [Has a Link](https://example.com)␊
+      ␊
+      ### [Valid Heading Is a Reference Link][goodref]␊
+      ␊
+      ### Valid Heading [Has a Reference Link][goodref]␊
+      ␊
+      ### ![Valid Heading Is an Image](https://example.com)␊
+      ␊
+      ### Valid Heading Has ![an Image](https://example.com)␊
+      ␊
       <a name="namedlink"></a>␊
       ␊
       <a id = idlink></a>␊
@@ -24473,6 +24511,8 @@ Generated by [AVA](https://avajs.dev).
       ␊
       ## Invalid Fragments␊
       ␊
+      [Invalid](#valid-heading-is-an-image) {MD051}␊
+      ␊
       [Invalid](#valid-heading-2004-) {MD051}␊
       ␊
       [Invalid](#valid-repeated-heading-3) {MD051}␊
diff --git a/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.snap b/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.snap
index af1a9009..6de7c901 100644
Binary files a/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.snap and b/test/snapshots/markdownlint-test-scenarios.js.snap differ