diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index 799e44525b..52b172b72c 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -68,6 +68,18 @@ DEBUG_CONSOLE=false
 # UID=1000
 # GID=1000
 
+#==============#
+# Node Options #
+#==============#
+
+# NOTE: NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE is NOT recognized by Node.js directly.
+# This variable is used as a build argument for Docker or CI/CD workflows,
+# and is NOT used by Node.js to set the heap size at runtime.
+# To configure Node.js memory, use NODE_OPTIONS, e.g.:
+# NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=6144"
+# See: https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#--max-old-space-sizesize-in-mib
+NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE=6144
+
 #===============#
 # Configuration #
 #===============#
diff --git a/.github/workflows/backend-review.yml b/.github/workflows/backend-review.yml
index 8375f398c3..2379b8fee7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/backend-review.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/backend-review.yml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ jobs:
       BAN_DURATION: ${{ secrets.BAN_DURATION }}
       BAN_INTERVAL: ${{ secrets.BAN_INTERVAL }}
       NODE_ENV: CI
+      NODE_OPTIONS: '--max-old-space-size=${{ secrets.NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE || 6144 }}'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Use Node.js 20.x
diff --git a/.github/workflows/frontend-review.yml b/.github/workflows/frontend-review.yml
index 907d07d307..989e2e4abe 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/frontend-review.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/frontend-review.yml
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ jobs:
     name: Run frontend unit tests on Ubuntu
     timeout-minutes: 60
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      NODE_OPTIONS: '--max-old-space-size=${{ secrets.NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE || 6144 }}'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Use Node.js 20.x
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ jobs:
     name: Run frontend unit tests on Windows
     timeout-minutes: 60
     runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      NODE_OPTIONS: '--max-old-space-size=${{ secrets.NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE || 6144 }}'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Use Node.js 20.x
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 4b00949300..e382da466a 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ ENV LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libjemalloc.so.2
 COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:0.9.5-python3.12-alpine /usr/local/bin/uv /usr/local/bin/uvx /bin/
 RUN uv --version
 
+# Set configurable max-old-space-size with default
+ARG NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE=6144
+
 RUN mkdir -p /app && chown node:node /app
 WORKDIR /app
 
@@ -39,8 +42,8 @@ RUN \
 COPY --chown=node:node . .
 
 RUN \
-    # React client build
-    NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=2048" npm run frontend; \
+    # React client build with configurable memory
+    NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=${NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE}" npm run frontend; \
     npm prune --production; \
     npm cache clean --force
 
diff --git a/Dockerfile.multi b/Dockerfile.multi
index c106b5e5fa..ac58aa21b6 100644
--- a/Dockerfile.multi
+++ b/Dockerfile.multi
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 # Dockerfile.multi
 # v0.8.1
 
+# Set configurable max-old-space-size with default
+ARG NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE=6144
+
 # Base for all builds
 FROM node:20-alpine AS base-min
 # Install jemalloc
 RUN apk add --no-cache jemalloc
 # Set environment variable to use jemalloc
 ENV LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libjemalloc.so.2
+
 WORKDIR /app
 RUN apk --no-cache add curl
 RUN npm config set fetch-retry-maxtimeout 600000 && \
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ COPY client ./
 COPY --from=data-provider-build /app/packages/data-provider/dist /app/packages/data-provider/dist
 COPY --from=client-package-build /app/packages/client/dist /app/packages/client/dist
 COPY --from=client-package-build /app/packages/client/src /app/packages/client/src
-ENV NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=2048"
+ENV NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=${NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE}"
 RUN npm run build
 
 # API setup (including client dist)
diff --git a/api/package.json b/api/package.json
index cdcb71e748..bbdd2f4472 100644
--- a/api/package.json
+++ b/api/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     "server-dev": "echo 'please run this from the root directory'",
     "test": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test jest",
     "b:test": "NODE_ENV=test bun jest",
-    "test:ci": "jest --ci",
+    "test:ci": "jest --ci --logHeapUsage",
     "add-balance": "node ./add-balance.js",
     "list-balances": "node ./list-balances.js",
     "user-stats": "node ./user-stats.js",
diff --git a/api/test/.env.test.example b/api/test/.env.test.example
index 9b7a75a996..587a739cc3 100644
--- a/api/test/.env.test.example
+++ b/api/test/.env.test.example
@@ -11,3 +11,7 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=your-api-key
 BAN_VIOLATIONS=true
 BAN_DURATION=7200000
 BAN_INTERVAL=20
+
+# NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE is only used as a Docker build argument.
+# Node.js does NOT recognize this environment variable for heap size.
+NODE_MAX_OLD_SPACE_SIZE=6144
diff --git a/client/package.json b/client/package.json
index 27224493ce..c9c323dd2a 100644
--- a/client/package.json
+++ b/client/package.json
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     "dev": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development vite",
     "preview-prod": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development vite preview",
     "test": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development jest --watch",
-    "test:ci": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development jest --ci",
+    "test:ci": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development jest --ci --logHeapUsage",
     "b:test": "NODE_ENV=test bunx jest --watch",
     "b:build": "NODE_ENV=production bun --bun vite build",
     "b:dev": "NODE_ENV=development bunx vite"
diff --git a/packages/data-provider/package.json b/packages/data-provider/package.json
index 4e5d0d5220..692d6b4f07 100644
--- a/packages/data-provider/package.json
+++ b/packages/data-provider/package.json
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     "build:watch": "rollup -c -w",
     "rollup:api": "npx rollup -c server-rollup.config.js --bundleConfigAsCjs",
     "test": "jest --coverage --watch",
-    "test:ci": "jest --coverage --ci",
+    "test:ci": "jest --coverage --ci --logHeapUsage",
     "verify": "npm run test:ci",
     "b:clean": "bun run rimraf dist",
     "b:build": "bun run b:clean && bun run rollup -c --silent --bundleConfigAsCjs"